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Breutelia subgnaphalea: A Fascinating Moss of the Bartramiaceae Family
Introduction
Today we’re diving into the captivating world of Breutelia subgnaphalea (Müll.Hal.) Paris, a unique moss species belonging to the Bartramiaceae family. Also known simply as Breutelia, this moss is sure to pique the interest of any enthusiast eager to learn more about the incredible diversity of
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Bryophyta. Let’s explore what makes Breutelia subgnaphalea so special!
Background on Breutelia Mosses
The genus Breutelia contains around 80 species of mosses found across the globe, primarily in tropical and southern temperate regions. These acrocarpous mosses are characterized by their erect growth habit, wiry stems, and capsules that are held at an angle or pendulous. The specific epithet “subgnaphalea” refers to the similarity of this species to members of the genus Gnaphalium.
Morphology and Identification
Breutelia subgnaphalea forms dense tufts or cushions with stems reaching 2-10 cm tall. The leaves are lanceolate to ovate-lanceolate, spreading to squarrose when moist, and often twisted when dry. A key identifying feature is the single costa (midrib) that extends to the leaf apex.
The sporophytes have elongated setae (stalks) and inclined to pendulous, pyriform capsules. Capsules are ribbed when dry and have a peristome (toothed opening). Spores are released from summer to fall.
Global Distribution and Habitat
This moss has a scattered distribution across Africa, Asia, Central America, South America, and islands of the Pacific and Atlantic oceans. It grows on soil, rocks, logs, and tree bases in moist forests and shrublands from lowlands to 3000 m elevation.
| Region | Countries |
|---|---|
| Africa | DR Congo, Kenya, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda |
| Asia | China, India, Indonesia, Japan, Malaysia, Papua New Guinea, Philippines, Sri Lanka, Taiwan, Thailand, Vietnam |
| Central America | Costa Rica, Guatemala, Mexico, Panama |
| South America | Bolivia, Brazil, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Venezuela |
| Pacific Islands | Fiji, Samoa, Society Islands, Vanuatu |
| Atlantic Islands | Tristan da Cunha |
Ecological Roles and Adaptations
Like other mosses, Breutelia subgnaphalea plays important roles in its ecosystems:
- Regulating moisture by absorbing and slowly releasing water
- Providing shelter for micro-organisms and small invertebrates
- Contributing to nutrient cycling and soil formation as it breaks down
- Serving as a bioindicator of air and water quality
This moss has adaptations like water-repellent leaves, desiccation tolerance, and spore dispersal that allow it to thrive in its humid forest and shrubland habitats.
Conclusion
Breutelia subgnaphalea is a prime example of the incredible diversity and ecological importance of mosses. From its distinct morphology to its widespread distribution, this species invites us to slow down and appreciate the miniature worlds thriving all around us. What other secrets might the Bartramiaceae family hold? The next time you’re out in nature, take a closer look – you might just spot some Breutelia!