Frullania-calcarifera-Steph-from-the-Crimean-Peninsula-5VI1964-Partyka-sn-1.png from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Frullania-calcarifera-Steph-from-the-Crimean-Peninsula-5VI1964-Partyka-sn-1_fig1_283100707

Exploring the Fascinating World of Frullania tenera Moss

Frullania tenera Lindb. ex Steph., commonly known as

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Frullania moss, is a captivating species belonging to the Frullaniaceae family. This tiny but mighty moss has captured the attention of enthusiasts and researchers alike due to its unique characteristics and ecological significance. In this blog post, we’ll dive into the world of Frullania tenera

*2021-02-25-11-50-47.jpg from: https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/learning/species-finder/frullania-tamarisci/*

and uncover its secrets.

Background

Frullania tenera is a member of the Marchantiophyta division and Jungermanniopsida class of mosses. It was first described by Sextus Otto Lindberg and Franz Stephani

*2020-11-22-13-00-24.jpg from: https://www.britishbryologicalsociety.org.uk/learning/species-finder/frullania-teneriffae/*

in the late 19th century. Since then, it has been studied for its distinctive morphology and wide global distribution.

Morphology and Identification

One of the most striking features of Frullania tenera is its small size. The shoots typically measure between 0.5 to 2 cm

Frullania-weberbaueri-Steph-A-Habit-wet-dorsal-view-complete-plant-B-Perianth.png from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Frullania-weberbaueri-Steph-A-Habit-wet-dorsal-view-complete-plant-B-Perianth_fig1_305488292

in length and are densely branched. The leaves are arranged in two rows and are deeply bilobed, with the upper lobe being larger than the lower one. The underleaves are also bilobed and are usually smaller than the leaves.
Identifying Frullania tenera requires careful observation of its microscopic features. The leaf cells are small and have thick walls, while the oil bodies are few and large. The perianths, which enclose the female reproductive structures, are obovoid and have a distinct beak.

Global Distribution and Habitat

Frullania tenera

*large.jpg from: https://www.inaturalist.org/guide_taxa/509502*

has a wide global distribution, found on every continent except Antarctica. It thrives in a variety of habitats, including:

Temperate forests
Subtropical regions
Montane areas
Coastal environments

This adaptable moss can grow on various substrates, such as tree bark, rocks, and even man-made structures like walls and fences. Its ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions has contributed to its success and widespread distribution.

Ecological Roles and Adaptations

Despite its small size, Frullania tenera plays significant ecological roles. It contributes to:

Nutrient cycling
Water retention
Providing shelter for microorganisms

One of the most remarkable adaptations of Frullania tenera is its ability to survive periods of drought. When water is scarce, the moss can enter a dormant state, curling its leaves to minimize water loss. Once moisture returns, it quickly rehydrates and resumes growth.

*f_riparia.jpg from: https://wnmu.edu/academic/nspages/gilaflora/frullania_riparia.html*

*49815176657_a7179daf3a_b.jpg from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/21657471@N04/49815176657/*

*203949.jpg from: https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/787188*

Characteristic	Description
Shoot length	0.5 – 2 cm
Leaf arrangement	Two rows, deeply bilobed
Underleaves	Bilobed, smaller than leaves
Leaf cells	Small, thick-walled
Oil bodies	Few, large
Perianths	Obovoid, with distinct beak

Conclusion

Frullania tenera Lindb. ex Steph. may be small, but it is a fascinating and important component of ecosystems worldwide. Its unique morphology, wide distribution, and ecological roles make it a subject of interest for moss enthusiasts and researchers alike. The next time you encounter this tiny moss, take a moment to appreciate its beauty and resilience. Who knows what other secrets it may hold?