Triquetrella spiculosa: The Remarkable Triangular Moss

Exploring the Fascinating World of Triquetrella spiculosa Thér. Moss

Introduction

Mosses are some of the most ancient and resilient plants on Earth. Among the diverse array of moss species, one particularly interesting variety is Triquetrella spiculosa Thér., commonly known as Triquetrella moss. This small but mighty moss belongs to the Orthotrichaceae family and has some unique characteristics. In this blog post, we’ll take a closer look at Triquetrella spiculosa and discover what makes it so special.

Background on Mosses

Before diving into the specifics of Triquetrella spiculosa, let’s briefly review what mosses are. Mosses are non-vascular plants in the division Bryophyta. They lack true roots, stems, and leaves like other plants. Instead, they have rhizoids that anchor them and absorb water and nutrients. Mosses reproduce via spores rather than seeds and are found in a wide range of habitats worldwide.

Morphology and Identification

Triquetrella spiculosa is a small, cushion-forming moss. Its scientific name comes from the Latin words “tri” meaning three and “quetra” meaning angle or corner, referring to the distinctly triangular shape of its leaves. The species name “spiculosa” means spiny, describing the spiky appearance of the leaf tips.

The leaves are arranged in three rows and tightly overlap, giving the moss a braided or plaited look. They are lanceolate (lance-shaped) and have a strong midrib that extends into a short, spiky awn at the tip. Capsules are common and held on short setae close to the leaves.

Global Distribution and Habitat

Triquetrella spiculosa has a widespread but scattered distribution. It is found in:

• Europe
• Asia
• Africa
  

  

  

• North America
• South America
• Australia
• New Zealand

This moss typically grows on exposed, acidic rock surfaces or thin soil over rock. It prefers open, dry habitats like cliff faces, boulders, and rocky outcrops from lowlands to mountains. Triquetrella frequently grows with other mosses adapted to similar niches, such as Andreaea and Grimmia species.

Ecological Roles and Adaptations

As a pioneer species, Triquetrella spiculosa plays an important role in establishing plant life on bare rock surfaces. Its dense cushions help trap dust, organic matter, and moisture, paving the way for other plants to colonize over time. The compact growth form also enables this moss to

tolerate harsh conditions like intense sun, wind, and drought.
The spiky leaf tips of Triquetrella may help defend against herbivory by insects and other small invertebrates. Some studies suggest the triangular leaf arrangement facilitates efficient capture of fog and dew

to supplement moisture intake in dry environments.

Conclusion

Triquetrella spiculosa is a small but remarkable moss with a unique morphology and extensive global range. Its ability to thrive in challenging, rocky habitats and initiate the process of succession is a testament to the resilience of mosses. The next time you’re out hiking and spot a spike-tipped moss growing on a boulder, take a closer look – it might just be Triquetrella!
What other amazing bryophyte adaptations have you encountered in your explorations? Share your experiences in the comments below!