Unveiling Schlotheimia: A Fascinating Moss in the Orthotrichaceae Family
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Schlotheimia subfornicata Thér.: A Fascinating Moss of the Orthotrichaceae Family
Introduction
Today we’re diving into the world of Schlotheimia subfornicata Thér., a captivating moss species belonging to the
Weissia+controversa+var.+densifolia+%2528Thick-leaved+Stubble-moss%2529+Oxwich+02apr11+%25283a%2529.jpg from: https://moonmoths.blogspot.com/2011/04/underhill-cottage.html
Orthotrichaceae family. Also known simply as Schlotheimia, this little-known plant plays important ecological roles. Let’s explore what makes Schlotheimia subfornicata so special!
Background on Mosses
Schistidium-rivulare-immature-700×465.jpg from: https://ohiomosslichen.org/bryology-plants/
Mosses are small, non-vascular plants in the division Bryophyta. Unlike other land plants, mosses lack true roots, stems, and leaves. Instead, they have leaf-like structures called phyllids that absorb water and nutrients. Mosses reproduce via spores rather than seeds and are found in diverse habitats worldwide.
Morphology and Identification
S. subfornicata forms dense cushions or tufts. Its phyllids are lance-shaped, 2-4 mm long, and have a strong midrib. The seta (stalk bearing the capsule) is very short, only 1-2 mm. Capsules are ovoid and immersed among the phyllids. A key identifying feature is the calyptra (hood covering the capsule) which has a unique shape – it’s mitrate with 8-10 plicae (folds) and a long, narrow beak.
schlan_schrugweb2.jpg from: https://www.southernappalachianbryophytes.org/schlotheimialancifolia.html
Global Distribution and Habitat
This moss has a pantropical distribution, found in tropical regions of the Americas, Africa, and Asia. It grows as an
Syntrichia+sp.+05mar14+(1sa).jpg from: https://goweros.blogspot.com/2014/04/an-odd-moss-on-pavement-in-caerau.html
epiphyte on tree trunks and branches in moist forests from lowlands to 2000 m elevation. In the Neotropics, it’s often found in montane cloud forests.
Ecological Roles and Adaptations
DT_Ulota_cochleata.jpg from: https://www.anbg.gov.au/abrs/Mosses_online/47_Orthotrichaceae_images.html
Like other mosses, S. subfornicata
Macromitrium-soulae-Renauld-Cardot-a-c-habit-dry-b-capsule-d-branch-leaves_Q640.jpg from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Schlotheimia-badiella-Besch-a-c-habit-dry-b-capsule-d-branch-leaves-e_fig2_281108486
plays vital roles in its ecosystems:
- Helps retain moisture
- Prevents soil erosion
- Provides habitat for micro-fauna
moss.jpg from: https://almond.norushcharge.com/ornamental/foliage/moss/how-to-make-a-moss-slurry.htm
- Pioneers on bare substrates
Its cushion growth form is an adaptation to capture and retain water in its environment. The immersed capsules may protect developing spores.
fan-moss-forsstroemia-trichomitria-kb.jpg from: https://wcbotanicalclub.org/bryophytes/fan-moss-forsstroemia-trichomitria-kb/
Conclusion
Schlotheimia subfornicata Thér. may be small, but it’s a prime example of how mosses have evolved to thrive in their niches and support whole ecosystems. Next time you’re in a tropical forest, keep an eye out for this marvelous moss! What other secrets might it hold?
moss_2.jpg from: https://mibellebiochemistry.com/8-surprising-facts-about-moss