16190847693_c9f61ae5aa_b.jpg from: https://www.flickr.com/photos/58828131@N07/16190847693/
Exploring the Fascinating World of Aneura intermedia Steph. Moss
Introduction
Mosses are often overlooked, but they play a vital role in many ecosystems around the world. One particularly interesting species is Aneura intermedia Steph., a moss in the Aneuraceae family, also commonly known as just Aneura. In this blog post, we’ll take a deep dive into the world of this fascinating plant.
Background
Aneura intermedia Steph. is a species of liverwort, which are non-vascular plants in the division Marchantiophyta. Liverworts are some of the earliest land plants to evolve over 400 million years ago. There are over 7,000 species of liverworts found all over the world, from the arctic to the tropics.
Morphology and Identification
A. intermedia forms dense mats of thalloid (strap-like) gametophytes that lack a midrib. The thalli are usually
Aneura-sp.nov_.37741-2-2048×1536.jpg from: https://stories.rbge.org.uk/archives/32567
1-3 cm long and 2-5 mm wide. They are pale to dark green in color and have smooth or slightly undulating margins. The underside lacks scales and rhizoids are sparse.
Male and female reproductive structures are borne on separate thalli (dioicous). The antheridia are borne in small cushions while the archegonia are in small clusters protected by scales. Sporophytes are rare, with a spherical capsule on a translucent seta when present.
aneurapinguis.jpg from: https://www.earth.com/plant-encyclopedia/Bryophytes/Aneuraceae/aneura-pinguis/en/
Global Distribution and Habitat
A. intermedia has a wide but scattered distribution, being found in Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, and the Americas. It grows on constantly moist or wet soil, rocks, or rotten wood in shaded habitats. Common locations include near streams, waterfalls, caves, and in damp forests. It is not tolerant of disturbance or drying out.
Ecological Roles and Adaptations
410a094fdd47630bdfe8886d3fd7de11–epiphyte-ferns.jpg from: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/aneura-pinguis–308637380693938709/
As a pioneer species, A. intermedia helps to colonize bare substrates and contributes to soil formation. The dense mats help to retain moisture and stabilize the soil surface. It also provides shelter and foraging areas for various invertebrates.
To cope with the low-light conditions of its habitat, A. intermedia has a high chlorophyll content to maximize photosynthesis. The lack of a cuticle allows it to absorb water and nutrients over its entire surface. Asexual reproduction via fragmentation allows it to spread and persist despite the rarity of sporophyte formation.
Aneura-pinguis-L-Dumort-A-C-A-plant-habit-B-epidermal-cells-of-the-thallus_Q640.jpg from: https://www.researchgate.net/figure/Aneura-maxima-Schiffn-Steph-A-C-A-plant-habit-B-C-epidermal-cells-of-the-thallus_fig1_327889552
256464.jpg from: https://inpn.mnhn.fr/espece/cd_nom/436548/tab/fiche
aneura-alterniloba-40.jpg from: https://www.anbg.gov.au/bryophyte/photos-captions/aneura-alterniloba-40.html
aneura_maxima.jpg from: https://www.earth.com/plant-encyclopedia/Bryophytes/Aneuraceae/aneura-maxima/en/
ee95f857d6023578ace50ba45f0d5b7b.jpg from: https://www.pinterest.co.uk/pin/aneura-cryptothallus-mirabilis-the-only-known-parasitic-nonvascular-plant–7248049370138532/
worthing-heene-moss-intermediate-screw-moss-february-26-2022-aspect-ratio-500-500.jpg from: https://www.heenecemetery.org.uk/species/intermediate-screw-moss/
| Characteristic | Description |
|---|---|
| Division | Marchantiophyta (liverworts) |
| Class | Jungermanniopsida |
| Order | Metzgeriales |
| Family | Aneuraceae |
| Genus | Aneura |
| Species | Aneura intermedia Steph. |
| Growth form | Thalloid liverwort lacking midrib |
| Thallus size | 1-3 cm long, 2-5 mm wide |
| Thallus color | Pale to dark green |
| Dioicous | Separate male and female plants |
| Sporophytes | Rare, spherical capsule on translucent seta |
| Habitat | Constantly moist soil, rocks, wood in shade |
| Distribution | Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia, Americas |
Conclusion
Aneura intermedia Steph. is a remarkable moss that thrives in damp, low-light environments around the globe. Its unique adaptations allow it to play an important ecological role in its habitats. Next time you’re in a wet, shady spot, take a closer look – you just might spot this amazing little plant! What other secrets of the moss world are waiting to be uncovered?